Rural Sunset

 

Tea becomes costlier

For many a tea loving persons tea works as a boost to propel their day long journey ahead. Tea drinking has been accepted as a part of culture in many countries. Indians are of course very fond of good quality of tea. In average a person in India drinks tea three time a day. This must be varying from region to region as India is made up of diverse taste of people.

Corona lockdown period has destroyed a great number of businesses; tea leaves collection could come up blatantly in this list. Before lockdown, tea leaves collection was regularly done and the supply was continuous all across the country in India. But lockdown stopped all the activities including the timely collection of tea leaves. This sudden stoppage has destroyed crop worth thousands of rupees and new produce would take time to reach to the market. 

However, tea getting costlier cannot make its demand any lesser amongst Indians. In fact, the soaring prices of petrol and diesel has not yet shaken the travel spirit of people. It also could be due to the fact that the people have regained freedom to move freely after a stretching period of time. Whatever may be the outcome, even the permission to drink tea at one's preferred spot-the Kitli- is enough for tea lovers in India. 

India Gramin Post Office

Gramin Dak Sevak (GDS) is one of the most exploited class of employees in India. GDS job would greatly disappoint you if you belong to the crazed up government job seeking youth in India. First, one would be required to have above the distinction marks in order to get appointed as GDS employee. GDS categorizes into two posts: GDS BPM and GDS EDDA. The former is accountable to the office work and the latter to the delivery of mail. GDS salary is about 14,000 in the beginning. It is certainly a handsome amount of money to lure brilliant persons to these posts in the Postal department. But one soon realizes that GDS post is not considered full time government employee in the eyes of central government.

Translated headlines

1 INDIA VACCINATES 50 LAKH PEOPLE IN 21 DAYS, FASTEST IN WORLD

વિશ્વમાં સૌથી તેજ ભારતે 50 લાખ  લોકોને 21 દિવસમા રસી  આપી

2 Those opposing farm laws failed to point out single flaw: Tomar

ક્ર્રષિ કાનૂનોની એક માત્ર ખામી દર્શાવવામાં વિરોઘીઓ નિષ્ફળ : તોમર

3 In Afghanistan, a Booming Kidney Trade Preys on the Poor

અફઘાનિસ્તાનમાં   ગરીબો પર  ધમધમતો કીડની વ્યાપાર

4 Rescue Operations at Uttarakhand Tunnel Hits a Wall as River Level Surges

નદીનું જળ સ્તર વધતાં ઉત્તરાખંડ સુરંગ બચાવ કાર્યવાહી દીવાલને અથડાઈ

5 Scientist warns of water build-up near Uttarakhand disaster zone

ઉત્તરાખંડ દુર્ઘટના વિસ્તારમાં પાણીનો જથ્થો એકત્રીત થતો હોવાની વૈ્જ્ઞાનિકોને આશંકા

6 BBC Media Action staff are working around the world

બીબીસી મીડીયા એક્શન સ્ટાફ સમગ્ર વિશ્વમાં કાર્ય કરી રહ્યુ છે

to create clear fact based radio, television and social media content 

સ્પષ્ટ માહીતી આધારીત રેડીયો, ટેલિવિઝન અને સોશ્યલ મિડિયો સામગ્રીનુ સર્જન કરવા

to help communities adapt

સમુદાયોને અનુકૂલનમાં મદદ કરવા

and protect themselves

અને તેમને રક્ષણ આપવા

and to help stop the spread of COVID-19

અને કોવિડ-19 ના પ્રસારને અટકાવવામાં સહાયરુપ થવા

7 AIADMK rift over CM face widens

મુખ્યમંત્રી પદના મામલે એઆઈડીએમકેમાં ધર્ષણ તેજ

8 

• Creating an assurance framework for the design of security policies and for the promotion and enabling actions for compliance with global security standards and best practices through conformity assessment.

 

Creating an assurance framework for the design of security policies

સુરક્ષા નીતીઓ સંરચના હેતુ વિશ્વસનીય માળખુ બનાવવા 

                                                    and

For the promotion

ના પ્રસાર માટે

                                                    and

 

Enabling actions for compliance with global security standards

વૈશ્વિક સુરક્ષા માપદંડોને સમકક્ષ થવાના પ્રયત્નો કરવા

                                                    and

Best practices through conformity assessment

મુલ્યાંકન સુસંગતા દ્વારા ઉતમ પદ્ઘતિઓ

 

In Afghanistan, a Booming Kidney Trade Preys on the Poor

In Afghanistan, a Booming Kidney Trade Preys on the Poor

In Afghanistan, a Booming Kidney Trade Preys on the Poor

No More

    When someone is no more you feel their absence but cannot do anything about it. You have to reluctantly substitute the person with their memories. 

    The person is no more but your yesterday encounter and conversation are repeated within your mind. You will now fill the empty space by cherishing the day that is no more. 

    It also hurts you to late realize that up until now you had something valuable  you never realized but you have it no more. Even sadder condition for you comes up when you cannot even cry as the tears would then devalue your golden relationship with that person. 

Royal Rumble

    World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) is no known for providing best matches to the audience through organizing diverse wrestling series. Royal Rumble is one such event where a wrestler is required to be thrown over the ropes to be eliminated out of the contest. In total 30 superstars enter the ring at an interval of one minute. No one knows who would enter the ring after a minute; this creates eagerness in the audience compelling them to sit and wait for their favorite superstar. 

    All the entries, elimination and even the winner of Royal Rumble is scripted yet its appeal does not slightly diminish in the eyes of die hard fans of WWE. Everything is orchestrated in such smart way that one never realizes or even doubts of the contest. It would be rude to call WWE matches fake as the prime motif of WWE is to provide entertainment. WWE match is a team work, where wrestlers, camera crew and commentators work in cohesion to create a wrestling atmosphere. 

Dogs

Dogs are one of the smartest of animals. They have long abandoned living remotely and settled to live near to humans. Dogs unlike other of their relatives succeeded in giving up their animalistic behavior. This has impressed humans. 

Cyber Crime

Criminals have managed to survive despite all types of anti-criminals activities. They have spent life-times in prisons, bore the beatings of pipes and rods, and faced even social stigma. Hundreds of reformatory actions have improved lives of many criminals and they have agreed to behave in a socially accepted way. No one is born criminal they say, but no one is born saint as well. As long as society exists, crime will exist too; what might change is the nature of crime. Growing dependence on computers for works related to banking, governance and commercial activities often lead to face cyber attacks. Cyber crime, in simple words, is use of computer or other such devices to intentionally access or control another computer or computer network for personal objectives. 

Cyber criminals take disadvantage of internet and other electric devices like computer to hack into another computer system for varying purposes such as stealing sensitive personal data, blackmailing the users, asking for favors etc. Small scale cyber crimes involve ordinary net users as target by sending infected links or attachments through spams. On the contrary, cyber criminals operating in gangs now days target big firms like big and prestigious companies, banks, defense system of a government etc. 

With the advancement of technology and use of computers and internet in every field of life (Banking, Telecommunication, Travel, medicine and education etc.) such crime has grown rapidly. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography and child grooming etc. 

Ian Murphy, popular as Captain Zap amongst his fan, is considered the first person to be convicted of a case of cyber crime in 1981.

"Torture the data and it will confess to everything."- Ronald Coase

According to the  reports published in The Internet Crime Report for 2019, released by USA’s Internet Crime Complaint Centre (IC3) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, India stands third in the world among top 20 countries that are victims of internet crimes. As per the report, excluding the USA, the UK tops the list with 93,796 victims of internet crimes followed by Canada (3,721) and India (2,901).

Cyber crime is an umbrella term used to describe two distinct, but closely related criminal activities: cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crimes. In this review the use of ‘cyber crime’ refers to both forms of criminal activity, and we distinguish between them as outlined below. 

• Cyber-dependent crimes are offences that can only be committed by using a computer, computer networks, or other form of ICT. These acts include the spread of viruses and other malicious software, hacking, and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, i.e. the flooding of internet servers to take down network infrastructure or websites. Cyber-dependent crimes are primarily acts directed against computers or network resources, although there may be secondary outcomes from the attacks, such as fraud. 

• Cyber-enabled crimes are traditional crimes that are increased in their scale or reach by the use of computers, computer networks or other ICT. Unlike cyber-dependent crimes, they can still be committed without the use of ICT. For the purposes of this review the following types of cyber-enabled crimes are included: fraud (including mass-marketing frauds, ‘phishing’ e-mails and other scams; online banking and e-commerce frauds); theft (including theft of personal information and identification-related data); and sexual offending against children (including grooming, and the possession, creation and/or distribution of sexual imagery).  

Cyber attacks are mostly performed either by an individual or in team work and could vary in intensity. For instance, some cyber attacks could be motivated for monetary purposes, other could be for security breach or even for more serious such as terrorist activities. 

Although email tops among cyber attacker as the most preferred medium other platforms are also gaining ground. Unnecessary and malicious emails are called spams in computer language. These spams could lead you to the dangerous platforms where your privacy and other important details could be collected without any permission. In addition, spams themselves could contain viruses which could negatively affect your computer system. 

Calling cyber criminals the smartest and most fortunate to have taken maximum advantage of continuously updated internet technology would not amount to exaggeration. Instead of cheating the users in normal ways, cyber criminals lure them into the riskiest places. Especially, the entertainment websites of dating and porn are the riskiest as when you intend to open some video, you are led automatically to another website. At once, pop-ups appear on the screens of your devices, if you open them by chance, they could ask you to install security apps under the pretext that your device needs protection as it is full of virus.

Many giant companies are now hiring hackers so as to fend off the attacks of other cyber criminals. This is called ethical hacking. In steadily growing cyber world, mere knowledge about cyber crime won't suffice. One must also learn about the ways through which one can keep oneself and at least friends and family members away from engaging or at least becoming victims of cyber crime.

First of all, cyber world is no more imaginary thing as envisioned in the early 80s. All the offline etiquette of behavior of applies online as well. Use of inappropriate words and hateful content is against the ethical standards of cyber world. One's slightest mistake in language could be misinterpreted by the receiver and lead to unwanted circumstances. Mostly in cases of young people committing suicides, it comes out that the suiciding person has had intense and emotional conversation with their beloved ones. 

The governments all around the world seriously understand the importance of digital platform. In order to maintain social equilibrium and stability, the governments put some restrictions on the free flow of freedom of expression. Especially, the hateful content could create a chaos amongst normal people. The laws are also made to avoid digital theft, copyright infringement and piracy of books, music and films. 

References:

1. https://www.le-vpn.com/history-cyber-crime-origin-evolution/#:~:text=1981%20%E2%80%93%20Ian%20Murphy%2C%20known%20as,hours%20rates%20at%20peak%20times.

Fingers

Fingers work to help us complete our many activities. Fingers are situated at the front of a hand. They are usually ten in numbers except for some exceptional cases where a person like Bollywood star Hritik Roshan who has eleven fingers. We eat with help of our fingers. Children love to lick their fingers when they are presented with delicious food. We hold things with fingers. Gym goers exercise to strengthen their wrists and fingers. Women fingers are considered delicate to men's fingers in some culture. Particularly in India women apply a Mehndi and draw appealing designs on joyous occasions like marriage. 

History of fingers, however has not been always good. In earlier days of kingly rules, culprits were punished with their fingers cut for some selected crimes. It is said that Mughal Sultan Shahjaha had the fingers cut of construction workers of the great Taj Mahal. 

Towards Insane

    Human should not incur any loss if they took so little pain as to start avoiding all the anti environmental activities, including trade of animals, birds and other lovely creatures. In fact all the creatures in the world are inherently more healthy and happy than humans. Chief cause to creature suffering are insatiable human activities. Humans are also the most dissatisfied class of creatures on this planet. As they ceaselessly persevere to do something, they create, recreate and often distort many things.  

Development Communication

Communicating begins even prior to infancy.  A simple eyelash flutter of a baby brings joy even to the most sullen faces. With advance of time, both child and its communication grow into maturity. From visual gestures to illogical babble to some sense making simple words, parents are the sole proprietor of witnessing this wonderful transformation. This transformation quite reminds us of how humans in general have historically developed into present day communication. A homo sapiens today would wonder at the science of fire as he had used fire to communicate some basic needs required by the time.

Media draws its sustenance from society and does not exist in isolation. Society’s survival and growth depends on a number of factors among which a system of communication is crucial, as people in a society get information, education and entertainment through communication. A society can be defined as a community of people living in a particular region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations. A society however, can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The Chinese and the Japanese are good examples of the homogenous cultures; whereas the USA and India epitomize diverse cultures. Communication is the basic link among various echelons in a society. With the coming of mass media, one finds the society’s reflection in news and entertainment programs. At a micro level, one learns about various groups divided by caste, custom, religion or creed either through interpersonal interaction or through media programming.

Media plays an important role in development communication through circulation of knowledge, providing forum for discussion of issues, teach ideas, skills for a better life and create a base of consensus for stability of the state. 

Development communication is a type of communication which primarily focuses on the issues related to development. There are two important words here: Development and communication. The concept of development is recent phenomena as it gained ground in the early nineties. After the end of World War-II, many countries were freed from the bond of colonization. These included countries such as Canada, India, China and some of the African and Latin American countries. These countries were both eager and anxious to prove their independent worth in the world. These countries had lack of proper infrastructure, poorly managed agriculture and industries. Issues of poverty and hunger were rampant especially in Asian countries like India and Pakistan. What these newly freed nations wanted was significant amount of capital investment. 

United States (US) had established itself as the almighty of the world by the end of the WW-II as England was exhausted financially its political significance decreased. Dollar became the standard monetary unit for world trade. The under-developed countries heavily borrowed money from the World Bank and other important international institutes like UN. For theses nations, the development and food independence were prerequisite. For instance, India had to rely on US food import as there was not enough food production to supply the whole big population of the nation and the storage capacity was low.

On the other hand the social evils like low education in women, untouchability, feudalism, old agriculture methods, all these issues hindered the progress of the nations. The biggest challenge before the newly elected governments were to introduce the confidence into the mass that this government can better manage the affaires of the country than their predecessor. With this objective in mind, the use of the word development communication started. There are some important definitions of development communications.

Edward (1993) understands the word development as much about the enrichment of the lives of all the people in the society (p.80). Communication on the other hand is the transmission of messages from the source to the receiver through a medium.

Nora Quebral (1971) defines the concept of developing communication in the following words. " Development communication is the art and science of human communication applied to the speedy transformation of a country and the mass of its people from poverty to a dynamic state of economic growth that makes possible greater social equality and the larger fulfillment of the human potential.

Mass communication expert Everett Rogers “Development communication refers to the uses to which communication are put in order to further development.” F. Rosario Braid on the other hand is of the opinion that development communication is “an element of the management process in the overall planning and implementation of the developmental programs”.

Another scholar Servaes (2002) defines development communication as the "sharing of knowledge aimed at reaching a consensus for action that takes into account the interests, needs and capacities for all concerned" (p.4). Another attempt to define development communication concludes that it is the purposive and strategic use of interpersonal, participatory and mediated channels to support positive change among individuals and societies at the micro (community) and macro (national) levels (Melkote & Steaves, 2001). The United Nations (UN) on the other hand, offers a much broader definition of communication for development. The UN defines it as a "process that allows communities to speak out, express their aspirations and concerns, and participate in the decisions that relate to their development" (General Assembly Resolution 5/172, article 6)."

Therefore, development communication can simply be understood as a participatory communication activity that focuses on the needs of the people at different levels, taking into account their concerns, acceptance and input toward achieving complete cooperation and support for efforts aimed at improving their lives.

Indian governments had soon realized the importance of development communication. To meet the demands of food sufficiency the government implemented the variety of agricultural technology imported from the US. To make this initiative reach to the mass audience, the government used radio. The service of television started in 1959. The history of development communication in India can be traced to 1940’s when radio broadcast was done in different languages to promote development communication through various programs, like—Programs for Rural Audience, Educational Programs and Family Welfare Programs. Today television in our country is also used as a medium for social education, weapon against ignorance and awareness among the people, through is difference programs like Educational Television (ETV), Countrywide Classroom (CWC), Teleconferencing etc.

Development communication thus can be said to have two primary roles, i.e., (a) transforming role, as it seeks social changes for a higher quality of life. (b) Socializing role, by seeking to maintain some of the established values of the society. The role can be discussed as following:

1. Development communication is used for transforming role by bringing in social change in a way that will bring a higher quality of life. Here communication acts as an instrument to achieve these objectives.

2. Development communication also tries to maintain the established values of the society by playing a socializing role. In playing these roles, development communication seeks to create an atmosphere for change as well as providing innovation through which society may change.

For a successful development communication policy it is necessary to identify the core areas of development. The core areas of development are Agriculture, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, Food, Security, Communication, Irrigation, Public works, Employment, Environment, Ecology and Education.

Implementation of development communication through media:

Mass media and technology should be extensively and tactfully used for development purpose. It should be kept in mind that it is a weapon in the hands of the government for positive developmental purpose. When the media is used for developmental purpose, develop communicator has to keep in mind that the usage should be extensive. And for this purpose the mass media structure should be planned and efforts should be made to reach out to maximum number of people every time. Daniel Lerner in 1958, while discussing the relation of development with that of any mass media said that: ―the greater the communication facilities, the greater or even faster is modernization.

According to Wilbur Schramm, the role of media in development can be divided into three parts i.e. (i) to inform

(ii) to instruct

 and (iii) to participate.